.... in order to determine the what proportions of each of these compounds will be present in the final product. Both TLC and CG are excellent methods of measuring the presence of a given substance. Both methods turn around a compounds polarity. As one recalls, polarity is a measure of the electronegativity of a compound determined by their placement in the periodic chart. Specifically, in this lab we are talking about the difference in polarity between the atoms of oxygen and carbon. Ferrocene is relatively low to none in polarity. Acetylferrocene, because of the carbonyl .....

.... for voice traffic. The invention of the transistor and the concept of pulse code modulation (PCM) allowed digital communications to be developed in the late 1960's. The interconnection of computer systems over telecommunication networks soon became a requirement. Modems were used at first to generate analogue signals compatible with the PSTNs from the digital computer data to allow such interconnections. The already wide spread use of the PSTNs was an advantage of this scheme, however it was soon recognized as not being an optimum solution for data transfer. The anal .....

.... six months of gestation . Neurons are churned out in the brain's ventricular zone. Attached to fibers, the neurons travel to the cerebral cortex, which contains the language centers. Here they hit a barrier, stop and take their place in layers above previously deposited neurons, (which is normal). In the brains of dyslexics, how-ever, there are breaches in the barrier and the neurons enter them, leaving clumps of nerve cells called ectopias, which appear to interface with the brain's ability to receive and transmit certain messages. They are now finding that dyslexia .....

.... on the physiological effects of massage and very few scientific studies have been undertaken in this area." Furthermore, the small amount of empirical research that does exist, more often than not, does not define the kind of touch or massage methodology employed, and massage is often rolled in with a range of other therapeutic methods (Westland 1993). Nevertheless, interest in massage as a valid means of therapy is on the increase and in particular in the West, where stress is one of the most commonly experienced states, massage has a clear role to play in reducing .....

.... produced when the atoms in a gas become ionized. It is sometimes referred to as the fourth state of matter, distinct from the solid, liquid, and gaseous states. When energy is continuously applied to a solid, it first melts, then it vaporizes, and finally electrons are removed from some of the neutral gas atoms and molecules to yield a mixture of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons, while overall neutral charge density is maintained. When a significant portion of the gas has been ionized, its properties will be altered so substantially that little resem .....

.... the behavior of a group of hyperactive children. He knew of no medical reasons for their behavior and made no mention of their educational needs or social skills. He said that part of the problem with ADHD children was "deficient training in the home." In 1923, researcher, F. G. Ebaugh, was one of the first to publish a professional paper recognizing ADHD as a long-term problem requiring cooperation and intervention by several professional disciplines. Over the past four decades, dozens of labels have been used for a collection of traits that has come to be known as A .....

.... orbital radius. When atoms bond together to form a solid, the electron energy levels merge into bands. In electrical conductors, these bands are continuous but in insulators and semiconductors there is an "energy gap", in which no electron orbits can exist, between the inner valence band and outer conduction band [Book 1]. Valence electrons help to bind together the atoms in a solid by orbiting 2 adjacent nucleii, while conduction electrons, being less closely bound to the nucleii, are free to move in response to an applied voltage or electric field. The fewer conduction elec .....

.... occupational, and socioeconomical boundaries. Each year it is estimated that ten percent of all deaths are related to alcohol abuse. Am astonishing fifty percent of all major automobile accidents, and murders are associated with alcohol. On and on the statistics point to the enormous dangers of alcohol, yet it is a legalized drug. As bleak as this problems seems to be on society as a whole, it is also rueful for the poor soul who is alcohol dependent. The life span of the alcoholic is about ten years shorter than the non-drinker. The lifetime prevalence for alcohol .....