.... An assembly of French notables was brought together to form the first royal election since 987. Philip of Valois was chosen as King Philip VI. The French overlooked Edward the III for three reasons. One he was still a minor, two, his mother was said to have disgusting character and a scandalous life, and three the French declared, “It should never be seen or known that the kingdom of France should be subject to the government of the king of England.” At first Edward agreed to take an oath of homage to Philip VI, but after conflicts in Guyenne Edward III contested the vali .....

.... and age sparks fear in the hearts of most people on this planet. According to General Douglas MacArthur, "We have had our last chance. If we do not devise some greater and more equitable system, Armageddon will be at our door." The decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japanese citizens in August, 1945, as a means to bring the long Pacific war to an end was justified-militarily, politically and morally. The goal of waging war is victory with minimum losses on one's own side and, if possible, on the enemy's side. No one disputes the fact that the Japanese military was p .....

.... control of land. Cathrine the Great was one of the few few female monarchs. She was very involved in Russia's intellectual life. She sponsered andedited the journal Vsyaka Vsykaya in 1769 and also very concerned with the danger that may come to it. cathrine was also very influenced by western European thinkers and that people were born equal for some time. Louis the XIV ruled for seventy-two years, which is the longest of that time. He began rule at age five but began his complete rule of the throne at twenty-three. He believed in a strong monarchy because he believed that ther .....

.... Hobbes, an English philosopher of the 1600’s, tried to create a science of politics. After witnessing the horrors of the English Civil War, Hobbes decided that conflict was part of human nature. Without governments to keep order, Hobbes said, there would be “war of everyone against everyone”. In this state of nature life would be “nasty, brutish, and short.” In his book Leviathan, Hobbes argued that to escape such a bleak life, people gave up their rights to a strong ruler. In exchange, they gained law and order. Hobbes called this agreement, by which people created a governm .....

.... and Arabs following the United Nations recommendation of Nov. 29, 1947, to partition Palestine, then still under British mandate, into an Arab state and a Jewish state. Fighting quickly spread as Arab guerrillas attacked Jewish settlements. Jewish forces prevented seizure of most settlements, but Arab guerrillas, supported by the Trans-jordanian Arab Legion under the command of British officers, besieged Jerusalem. By April, Haganah, the principal Jewish military group, seized the offensive, scoring victories against the Arab Liberation Army in northern Palestine, Jaffa, and Je .....

.... serve the interests of his elements. Kennedy usually backed bills sponsored by his party but would sometimes show independence by voting with the Republicans. He also joined with the Republicans in criticizing the Truman administration’s handling of China. In China, the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, which had been supported by the United States, was unable to withstand the advance of Communist forces under Mao Zedong. By the end of 1949 government troops had been overwhelmingly defeated, and Chiang led his forces into exile on Taiwan. The triumphant Mao formed .....

.... the missiles placed in Cuba, fearing U.S. retaliation. In order to better understand the Arms Race, a brief history must be given. The Arms Race probably began in August of 1949, when Russia detonated its own nuclear weapon, thus ending the U.S. monopoly. In response, president Truman ordered the development of the hydrogen bomb in January of 1950. However, the Soviet Union made the first H-bomb in August of 1953. Then, the race escalated when the Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile was developed in the summer of 1957, again by the Soviets. A serious crisis arose in .....

.... U.S. expansion is seen with the independence of Texas from Mexico. The strongest evidence of U.S. expansion goals is with the Mexican-American War. From the beginning, the war was conceived as an opportunity for land expansion. Mexico feared the United States expansion goals. During the 16th century, the Spanish began to settle the region. The Spanish had all ready conquered and settled Central Mexico. Now they wanted to expand their land holdings north. The first expedition into the region, that is today the United States Southwest, was with Corando. Corando reported a regio .....