.... acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation, or cellular (anaerobic) respiration. Humans cannot ferment alcohol in their own bodies, we lack the genetic information to do so. These biochemical pathways, with their myriad reactions catalyzed by reaction-specific enzymes all under genetic control, are extremely complex. We will only skim the surface at this time and in this course. Alcohol fermentation is the formation of alcohol from sugar. Yeast, when under anaerobic conditions, convert glucose to pyruvic acid via the glycolysis pathways, then go one step farther, converting p .....

.... marketing problems for North American farmers. It is becoming obvious we cannot force Europeans to take such products, even though Canada and the U.S. are using the World Trade Organization (WTO) in an effort to do so. Most large European and British supermarket chains have removed GE products from their shelves, and the largest European food processors (Nestle and Unilever) will no longer use GM products. All this is being reflected in the market -- non-GM foods are now selling at a higher price than genetically altered crops. And there is a scramble by farmers to fin .....

.... sense, evolution is merely change, and so is all-pervasive; galaxies, languages, and political systems all evolve. Biological evolution ... is change in the properties of populations of organisms that transcend the lifetime of a single individual. The ontogeny of an individual is not considered evolution; individual organisms do not evolve. The changes in populations that are considered evolutionary are those that are inheritable via the genetic material from one generation to the next. Biological evolution may be slight or substantial; it embraces everything from slight c .....

.... fatalities. Loss of consciousness, amnesia, paralysis and burns are reported by many who have survived. Deaths and injuries to livestock and other animals, thousands of forest and brush fires, as well as millions of dollars in damage to buildings, communications systems, power lines, and electrical systems are also the result of lightning. Finally, the threat of lightning causes many work stoppages and lost production increasing the time and cost required to prepare NASA spacecraft for flight. Benjamin Franklin performed the first systematic, scientific study of lightning d .....

.... planet still make them and sell them? To have an opinion on whether steroids are safe are not, it would help to know how they work and what responsibilities are needed when choosing to take them. are a synthetic for of the naturally occurring hormone, testosterone. are used to promote accelerated muscle hypertrophy in both males and females. Hypertrophy describes the increase in size of muscle as the result of stress put upon the muscle. Muscles go through hypertrophy in order to adapt to the increased demands placed upon them to perform. This is the primary goal of .....

.... "near-earth" asteroids. About 10 percent are bound to hit earth eventually. Asteroids ranging from fine dust, to house size rocks make up the belt around Saturn, and the belt on the outside of the orbit of Mars. These are pieces of larger rocks that were crashed into the remaining pieces after millions of years of crashes. Each ring system has distinctive features. Jupiter's rings are tenuous and made mainly of dark particles the size of those in cigarette smoke. The bright rings of Saturn are made of mainly frozen water in the form of snowballs and chunks of ice. Satur .....

.... they offer educational and recreational opportunities and provide links to our past. People have lived in North America for at least 12,000 years. Archaeologists and historians have divided this time span into prehistoric and historic periods. The prehistoric period extends from the earliest arrival of humans in North America to the coming of the European explorers. The historic period begins with the arrival of these explorers and continues up to the present. As you walk across public land, something on the ground catches your eye. You pick up a piece of pottery .....

.... person from his or her non-contemporaneous twin. To think otherwise is to embrace a belief in genetic determinism—the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insignificant. The overwhelming consensus among geneticists is that genetic determinism is false. As geneticists have come to understand the ways in which genes operate, they have also become aware of the myriad ways in which the environment affects their "expression." The genetic contribution to the simplest physical traits, .....